EVOLUTION OF ACCOUNTABILITY FRAMEWORKS IN PAKISTAN: 1947 TO 2022

Authors

  • Muhammad Saqib Anjum Lughmani Institute of Management Studies
  • Muhammad Tanweer Abdullah Institute of Management Studies
  • Munawar Khan Higher Education Department, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Abstract

This paper focuses on the evolution of laws and institutions related to public sector accountability in Pakistan since its independence. It critically outlines a chronological legal history of the regulatory and institutions anti-corruption frameworks since 1860. It overviews the development phases of the promulgation, amendments, and annulment of such laws and points to the intent of the legislature and lawmakers in defining the scope of and promulgating these laws. In this regard, it outlines several different laws and seven evolution categories of accountability institutions. The authors also touch upon the influence of political government changes on such laws, especially through to contemporary political situation of Pakistan. In the later sections, there is a discussion on the international (comparative) context of accountability mechanisms followed up by conclusion. This paper offers a comprehensive review of accountability history vis-à-vis its institutional mechanisms and bodies, and serves as a source document for policy makers, academic researchers, and students of accountability in the context of Pakistan.

Author Biographies

Muhammad Saqib Anjum Lughmani, Institute of Management Studies

PhD Scholar, Institute of Management Studies, University of Peshawar

Muhammad Tanweer Abdullah, Institute of Management Studies

Professor, Institute of Management Studies, University of Peshawar

Munawar Khan, Higher Education Department, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Associate Professor, Higher Education Department, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

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Published

17.02.2023

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 1 (2022): Sarhad Journal of Management Sciences (SJMS)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Muhammad Saqib Anjum Lughmani, Muhammad Tanweer Abdullah, Munawar Khan

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

All content published in SJMS is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). Under this license, authors and readers are free to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially), provided appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and source publication.