Sarhad Journal of Management Sciences

An Analysis of "Negotiated Justice" in Accountability Landscape: Lessons from Pakistan

Saqib Lughmani — 2024-12-31

This article explores the multifaceted landscape of accountability mechanisms in Pakistan, with a particular emphasis on the utilization of settlement procedures. Investigating the legal framework that governs these mechanisms, the study delves into their application within the country's justice system, specifically examining cases handled by institutions such as the National Accountability Bureau (NAB).The analysis dissects the advantages and drawbacks associated with captioned settlements, considering their role in expediting legal processes and potentially rehabilitating offenders. Through a comparative lens, the article contrasts the Pakistani approach with international best practices, identifying lessons learned and areas for potential improvement.

Addressing ethical considerations and transparency concerns, the study evaluates the impact of these mechanisms on the broader goals of accountability, justice, and public trust in Pakistan's legal institutions. Furthermore, the article examines the challenges faced by accountability bodies in implementing these mechanisms effectively and proposes recommendations for overcoming hurdles and ensuring a more robust accountability framework. In conclusion, this article provides a comprehensive examination of settlements within Pakistan's accountability mechanisms, offering insights into their legal, ethical, and societal dimensions. It contributes to the ongoing discourse on the effectiveness and fairness of these tools in the pursuit of justice and accountability.

The Importance of Security on Tourism

Zekeriya Nas — 2024-12-31

Tourism is one of the sectors that has a very important place due to its significant contributions to both national and international economies. The economic importance of this sector brings the importance of security, which is an important factor in tourism, to the forefront. Research shows that safety and security are becoming increasingly important during destination selection and holiday experiences. Today, in the tourism sector, safety and security are prioritized alongside price and quality. Essentially, safety and security are critical factors in determining a country’s competitiveness in the travel and tourism sector. The success or failure of a tourism destination is closely related to providing tourists with a safe and secure environment. In the future, safety and security will be among the elements that promote tourism. This study aims to examine the importance of safety in tourism, address issues related to tourism safety and security, and evaluate what can be done in this field. Accordingly, after establishing a conceptual framework, the literature was reviewed, focusing on the relationship and importance of tourism and security. Finally, recommendations were presented based on the significance of safety in tourism.

Stress Management, Worklife Balance, Employee's Wellbeing, and Psychological Capital among IT Employees of Pakistan

Laiba Asif — 2024-12-31

The study investigates the impact of stress management and work-life balance on employee well-being, exploring the moderating role of psychological capital (PsyCap) among IT employees in Pakistan. The findings reveal significant positive correlations between stress management, work-life balance, and employee well-being. Psychological capital acts as a moderator, amplifying the positive effects of stress management and work-life balance on well-being. Employees with higher PsyCap resources are better equipped to manage stress, achieve work-life balance, and experience greater well-being. These findings highlight the importance of promoting stress management practices and PsyCap development in organizations to foster a healthier and more productive work environment for IT employees.

How Servant and Humorous Leadership Link to Innovative Behavior: Exploring the Moderating Rolr of Workplace Fun Environment

Nosheen Fatima — 2024-12-31

This study aims to assess the link between servant leadership and humorous leadership with innovative behavior and a workplace fun environment as a moderator between the two paths. For data gathering, a survey design was used. In this regard, respondents who work in the service industry of Pakistan were employed with a sample of 350. The data was analyzed using Smart PLS. As per results, servant leadership and humorous leadership are linked significantly to innovative behavior. Moreover, a workplace fun environment moderates the link between the servant and humorous leadership and innovative behavior. Our study adds to the direction of leadership styles and innovative behavior in the service industry along with identifying the new aspect of the workplace's fun environment. Under the canopy of social exchange theory, servant leadership presence provides a platform for the growth and development of employees in the presence of a workplace fun environment which leads to improved innovative behavior. Thus, employees repay positively the exchanges received from their leader and environment. Finally, using the social information processing theory, the presence of humor and fun at the leadership level and workplace environment is a meaningful way to affect innovative behavior. This study contributes by providing managers an insight into the use of workplace fun environments and leadership styles as a strategy to improve innovative behavior.

Adopting Samart Quality Practices within the Framework of Digital Business Transformation: A Case Study of Al-Rasheed Bank in Mosul

Zaid Khaleel Ibrahim — 2024-12-31

The research is centered on illuminating intelligent quality through the application of artificial intelligence tools. These encompass intelligent automation, smart sensing, comprehensive data analysis, intelligent quality monitoring, information security, and continuous employee training. The aim is to transition towards digital banking operations at Al-Rasheed Bank. The descriptive-analytical approach was adopted by examining numerous sources related to the research topic to provide a theoretical perspective. As for the practical aspect, it relied on analyzing the survey results using statistical software (SPSS, Version 28) to obtain the findings and present recommendations. The research yielded several key findings, most notably confirming the existence of a correlation with a percentage reaching 83.9%. Additionally, it demonstrated an impact with a percentage of 78.9% between smart quality practices and the transition towards digital business. This research employed a questionnaire survey to delineate and diagnose the main variables, aiming to ascertain the extent of the impact of the independent variable on the dependent variable. This research stands out in its comprehensive and data-driven exploration of a set of artificial intelligence tools (smart quality), taking into consideration a wide array of factors and their practical effects to enhance banking operations for digital transformation in the Iraqi environment.

THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL DOWNSIZING ON EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE IN PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES OF AFGHANISTAN

Muhammad Ishaq Hotak — 2024-06-30

The objective of the study is to measure the impact of downsizing on employee performance while using motivational factors (turnover intention, employee commitment, job security) as moderating variables in private sector Universities of Nagarhar Province, Afghanistan. Data for the study is collected through questionnaire using 5 Likert scale from a sample of 200 faculty members. A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed among faculty members out of whom 186 were received back. The findings of the study revealed that all motivational factors have a positive impact on employee performance whereas organizational downsizing has a negative influence on employee performance. Moreover, apart from TOI all other independent variables have a significant influence on employee performance. The moderation analysis reveals that motivational factors moderate organizational downsizing impact on employee performance positively.

IMPACT OF HARVESTING DIVERSITY BELIEFS AND CULTIVATING WORKFORCE DIVERSITY BENEFITS DIMENSIONS OF LEADERSHIP ON THE ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN ORGANIZATIONS IN PAKISTAN

Muhammad Hanif — 2024-06-30

This research examines the connections among the dimensions of the harvesting workforce diversity belief and cultivating workforce diversity benefits dimensions of leadership and organizational performance in highly gender-diverse organizations in Pakistan. Constructs of the study were measured with the help of the scale of Leroy et al., (2021), and the assessment involved the sample of 500 employees from universities and HEIs in Pakistan. The data collection process was conducted among the university employees. The analysis of data was carried out with PLS-SEM using SmartPLS software version 3. The outcomes of this study signify that within the higher education sector in Pakistan, the distinct dimensions of leadership of harvesting workforce diversity beliefs and cultivating diversity benefits dimensions of leadership exert a positive and noteworthy influence on organizational performance. Findings strongly support the notion that implementing effective workforce diversity leadership dimension of the harvesting workforce diversity beliefs and the cultivating workforce diversity benefits dimensions of leadership can significantly enhance organizational performance. The outcomes robustly affirm the idea that the efficacy of leadership dimensions, including harvesting workforce diversity beliefs and cultivating workforce diversity benefits dimensions of leadership is pivotal in augmenting organizational performance.

THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATION CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR BETWEEN ISLAMIC WORK ETHICS AND JOB PERFORMANCE IN THE COMMERCIAL BANKS OF PAKISTAN

Sajjad Ali Khan — 2024-06-30

This study investigates the mediation role of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) between Islamic work ethics (IWE) and Job Performance (JP) in commercial banks of Pakistan. Data was collected from 336 respondents with the help of an adapted questionnaire with sound validity and reliability. Collected data was analyzed with the help of Smart PLS4. Findings of the study show that IWE positively and significantly affect OCB and JP. Results also confirmed the complementary partial mediating role of OCB such that for higher IWE and OCB the higher the JP. The findings of the study are believed to have a number of implications for the organizations, practitioners and academicians to foster IWE and OCB to maximize JP. In addition, the study improved our knowledge that how IWE affect OCB and job performance in the context of Pakistani’s commercial banks. The limitation of the study is that its conclusions are limited to the Pakistani’s commercial banks in its own distinct style of functioning, culture and environment. Further research may be carried out on the variables of workforce deviant behavior, organization politics, job engagement, organization culture, emotional well-being, organizational performance and locus of control in relationship with IWE. It is highly suggested to provide frequent training and seminars on IWE in order to improve OCB and job Performance.

EXPLORING CREATIVITY THROUGH BIG FIVE MODEL IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR UNIVERSITIES OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN

Khalil ur Rahman — 2024-06-30

In today environment personality traits perform significant and vital role in the organization success. For all organization one of the most primary important challenges is how to enhance and increase the level of creativity in their employees through working on different traits of personality. Empirically, this research tests the Big Five Model on creativity among teaching staff of the private sector Universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This research employs quantitative method with positivist approach to assess the hypothesized connections on the foundation of existing theories and literature. The data was taken from 338 participants performing duty in several private higher education institutions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For sample size determination used Krejcie & Morgan (1970) formula and stratified sampling techniques of data collection. Descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed to ensure that the results are consistent and encounter the systematic consistency. The outcomes of study revealed that extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience have significantly positive connection with creativity. On the other hand, the results for neuroticism revealed that neuroticism has significantly negative effect on creativity. Hence, it implies that higher education institutions should develop appropriate strategies for the retention of learning, training and research as well as to improve their creative employees and students.

PEOPLE'S PERCEPTIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS INFLUENCE THEIR PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIORS AND MENTAL WELL-BEING: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Iqra Shafique Abbasi — 2024-06-30

This qualitative study delves into the intricate relationship between perceptions of environmental risks, pro-environmental behaviors, and mental well-being. Through in-depth interviews and thematic analysis, the research explores how individuals' perceptions of environmental risks shape their attitudes, beliefs, and actions towards environmental conservation. Findings reveal the complex interplay between risk perception, pro-environmental behavior, and mental health, highlighting the importance of understanding these dynamics for promoting sustainable living and holistic well-being. (N=15) participants were targeted with age ranges 25-40. Six themes were generated through interpretation of statements of participants through thematic analysis (Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis [IPA]) including: Key factors of PEBs and RP, Importance of PEBs and RP, Interconnections, Motivators and Hinders, Social Factors and Steps for betterment of society. The study underscores the significance of qualitative approaches in uncovering nuanced insights into the motivations, barriers, and consequences of environmental engagement, offering valuable implications for interventions, policies, and future research endeavors aimed at fostering environmental sustainability and enhancing human flourishing.