THE ROLE OF EI AS A MEDIATOR BETWEEN LEADERSHIP STYLES AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS AMONG THE EMPLOYEES OF BANKING SECTOR

Authors

  • Naveed Saif University of Science and Technology bannu
  • Nafees Ahmad Saqib UST BANNU
  • Jamshed Arshad UST BANNU
  • Aziz Javed Gomal University
  • Shadi Ullah Khan Gomal University

Keywords:

Transformational, Transactional, Leaders Effectiveness, Emotional Intelligence

Abstract

The current research study focus on investigating the model of leadership, its effectiveness and emotional intelligence level among the banking sector employees proposed by (Badrui-Harun, Zainol, Amar and Sheri.,2016). In order to get appropriate response data was obtained from banking sector employees located in Islamabad through random sampling technique. Total 600 questionnaires were distributed among the selected head office employees of different banks. After removing missing item constructs finally 390 questionnaires were used for further analysis. In order to validate the model (Barron and Kenny.1986) mediational technique through regression analysis was performed. Results indicate that direct relationship between (Transformational and Transactional Leadership) with effectiveness (Dependent Variable) and Emotional Intelligence (Mediating Variable) was significant. That leads to acceptance of the hypothesis relating direct relationship among these variable. In the next stage mediating variables findings show that emotional intelligence fully mediate the relationship between Transformational leadership style and leader’s effectiveness, while EI partially mediate the relationship between Transactional Leadership and leader’s effectiveness. Result indicate that emotional intelligence act as a good mediator between transformational leadership and leader effectiveness.

Author Biographies

Naveed Saif, University of Science and Technology bannu

IMS

Lecturer

Nafees Ahmad Saqib, UST BANNU

IECS

Jamshed Arshad, UST BANNU

IECS

Aziz Javed, Gomal University

Assistant Professor,

DBA

Shadi Ullah Khan, Gomal University

Professor

Public Adminestration

References

Avolio, B.M., & Bass, B. J. (2004). Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire Manual and Sampler Set (Electronic version): Mind Garden Inc.

Avolio, B. M., Waldman, D., & Yammanno, F. (1991). Leading in the 1990s: The four I's of transformational leadership. Journal of European Industrial Training, 15(4), 9-16.

Bar-On, R.E. (2000); “Emotional and Social Intelligence: insights form the emotional quotient

inventoryâ€, in Bar-On, R. and Parker, J.D.A. (Eds), The Handbook of Emotional Intelligence: Theory, Development, Assessment, and Application at Home, School and in the Workplace, Jossey-Bass , San Francisco, CA, pp. 362-88,

Baron, R. M. and Kenny, D. A. (1986), “The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations,†Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51: 1173-82.

Barling, J., Slater, F., & Kelloway, E. K. (2000). Transformational leadership and emotional intelligence: An exploratory study. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 21(3), 157-162.

Bass, B. M. (1999). Two decades of research and development in transformational leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(1), 9-32.

Bass, B. M. (1999). Two decades of research and development in transformational leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(1), 9-32.

Bass, B. M. (2008). The Bass handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications (4th Ed.). New York: Free Press.

Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1990). Developing transformational leadership: 1992 and beyond.. Journal of European Industrial Training, 14(5), 21- 37.

Bass, B. M, & Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational leadership and organizational culture. Public Administration Quarterly, 17(1), 112-121.

Bass, B. M., & Steidlmeier, P. (1999). Ethics, character, and authentic transformational leadership behavior. Leadership Quarterly, 10(2), 181-217.

Bass, B. M., Waldman, D., & Avolio, B. J. (1987). Transformational leadership and the falling dominoes effect. Group and Organization Studies, 12(1), 73-86.

Bennis, W. (2004). The seven ages of the leader. Harvard Business Review, 82(1), 46-53.

Bommer, W. H., Rich, G. A., & Rubin, R. S. (2005). Changing attitudes about change: Longitudinal effects of transformational leader behavior on employee cynicism about organizational change. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(7), 733-753.

Bono, J., & Judge, T. (2003). Self-concordance at work: Toward understanding the motivational effects of transformational leaders. Academy of Management Journal, 46(5), 554-571.

Bono, J. E., & Anderson, M. H. (2005). The advice and influence networks of transformational leaders. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1306-1314.

Boyatzis, R.E. and Mckee, A., “Resonant Leadershipâ€, Harvard Business Review Press, Boston, USA, 2005.

Boyatzis, R.E., Smith, M.L., Oosten, E.V., Woolford, L., “Developing resonant leaders through emotional intelligence, vision and coachingâ€, Organizational Dynamics, Volume 42, Issue 1, pp. 17–24, 2013.

Brackett, M.A., Bertoli, M., Elbertson, N., Bausserun, E., Castillo, R., Salovey, P.,(2013) “Emotional Intelligence Reconceptualizing the Cognition-Emotion Link†In Robinson, M.D.,

Brown, F. W., & Moshavi, D. (2005). Transformational leadership and emotional intelligence: a potential pathway for an increased understanding of interpersonal influence. [Electronic version]. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 867-871.

Burns, J. (1978). Leadership. New York City: Harper & Row.

Burns, J. M. (2003). Transforming leadership. New York: Grove Press.

Cartwright, S., & Pappas, C. (2008). Emotional intelligence, its measurement and implications for the workplace.. International Journal of Management Reviews, 10(2), 149-171.

Caruso, D. R. (2008). Emotions and the ability model of emotional intelligence. In R. J. Emmerling, V. K. Shanwal, & M. K. Mandal, M. (Eds.), Emotional intelligence: Theoretical and cultural perspectives (pp. 1-16). New York: Nova Science Publishers.

Caruso, D. R., Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (2002). Relation of an ability measure of emotional intelligence to personality. Journal of Personality Assessment, 79(2), 306-320.

Ciarrochi, J. V., Chan, A. Y., & Caputi, P. (2000). A critical evaluation of the emotional intelligence construct. Personality and Individual Differences, 28(3), 539-561.

Chopraa, P.K. and Kanjib, G.K., “Emotional intelligence: A catalyst for inspirational leadership and management excellenceâ€, Total Quality Management. Vol. 21, No. 10, 971 – 1004, 2010.

Day, A. L., & Carroll, S. A. (2004). Using an ability-based measure of emotional intelligence to predict individual performance, group performance, and group citizenship. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(6), 1443-1458.

Day, A. L., & Carroll, S. A. (2008). Faking emotional intelligence (EI): Comparing response distortion on ability and trait-based EI measures. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29, 761-787.

Feyerherm, A. E., & Rice, C. L. (2002). Emotional intelligence and team performance: The good, the bad and the ugly. International Journal of Organizational Analysis (1993 - 2002), 10, 343.

Gardner, H. (1993). Multiple intelligences: The theory in practice. New York: Basic Books.

Gardner, L., & Stough, C. (2002). Examining the relationship between leadership and emotional intelligence in senior level managers. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 23(2), 68-78.

George, J. M. (2000). Emotions and leadership: The role of emotional intelligence. Human Relations, 53(8), 1027.

Goodwin, V. L., Wofford, J. C., & Whittington, J. L. (2001). A theoretical and empirical extension to the transformational leadership construct. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 759-774.

Hebert, Elizabeth B.,(2011) "The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence, Transformational Leadership, and Effectiveness in School Principals." Dissertation, Georgia State University.

Hallinger, P., & Heck, R. (1998). Exploring the principal's contribution to school effectiveness: 1980-1995. [Electronic version]. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 9(2), 157-191.

Harms, P. D., & Credé, M., “Emotional intelligence and transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analysisâ€, Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, Vol. 17, no.1, pp. 5-17, 2010.

Hayashi, A., & Ewert, A. (2006). Outdoor leaders' emotional intelligence and transformational leadership. [Electronic version]. Journal of Experimental Education, 28(3), 222-242.

Huran-Badri,A. Zainol.M.R, Amar.A, Shaari,Z.H..(2014); Emotional intelligence as a mediator between leadership styles and leadership effectiveness; A theoretical framework. International review of Management and Marketing. ISSN. 2146-4405

Jin, S., Seo, M., & Shapiro, D. L. (2008). Revisiting the link between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership: The moderating role of emotional intensity. Paper presented at the Academy of Management Proceedings.

Judge, T. A., & Piccolo, R. F. (2004). Transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic test of their relative validity. [Electronic version]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 755-768.

Kerr, R., Garvin, J., Heaton, N., & Boyle, E. (2006). Emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness. [Electronic Version]. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 27(4), 265-279.

Khan, M.I., Awan, U., Yasir, M., Mohamad, N, A, B., Shah, S, H,A., Qureshi, M,I., Zaman, K., (2014); Transformational leadership, emotional intelligence organization commitment. Pakistan Service Sector. ARGUMENTA OECONOMICA.2 (33).ISSN..1233-5835.

Law, K. S., Wong, C., & Song, L. J. (2004). The construct and criterion validity of emotional intelligence and its potential utility for management studies. [Electronic version]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(3), 483-496.

Leban, W., & Zulauf, C. (2004). Linking emotional intelligence abilities and transformational leadership styles. [Electronic version]. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 25(7/8), 554.

Leithwood, K., & Beatty, B. (2008). Leading with teacher emotions in mind. Thousand

Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.

Leithwood, K., & Jantzi, D. (1999a). The effects of transformational leadership on organizational conditions and student engagement with school. [Electronic version]. Journal of Educational Administration, 38(2), 112-129.

Leithwood, K., & Jantzi, D. (1999b). Transformational school leadership effects: A replication. [Electronic version]. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 10(4), 451-479.

Leithwood, K., & Jantzi, D. (2000). Principal and teacher leadership effects: A replication. [Electronic version]. School Leadership & Management, 20(4), 415- 434.

Mandell, B., & Pherwani, S. (2003). Relationship between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership style: A gender comparison. [Electronic version]. Journal of Business and Psychology, 17(3), 387-404.

Marzano, R., Waters, T., & McNulty, B. A. (2005). School leadership that works: From research to results. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.

Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. R. (2007). Models of emotional intelligence. In P. Salovey, M. A. Brackett, & J. D. Mayer (Eds.), Emotional intelligence: Key readings on the Mayer and Salovey model (pp. 81-119). Port Chester, NY: Dude Publishing. (Reprinted from Models of emotional intelligence, pp. 396-420, by J. D. Mayer, P. Salovey, & D. Caruso. In R. J. Sternberg, ed., The handbook of intelligence, 2000, New York: Cambridge University Press)

Masi, R. J., & Cooke, R. A. (2000). Effects of transformational leadership on subordinate motivation, empowering norms, and organizational productivity. [Electronic version]. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 8(1), 16-47.

McEnrue, M. P., & Groves, K. (2006). Choosing among tests of emotional intelligence: What is the evidence? [Electronic version]. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 17(1), 9-42.

Oldham, G. R., & Cummings, A. (1996). Employee creativity: Personal and contextual factors at work. [Electronic version]. Academy of Management Journal, 39(3), 607-634.

Palmer, B. R., Gignac, G., Manocha, R., & Stough, C. (2005). A psychometric evaluation of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test Version 2.0. [Electronic version]. Intelligence, 33(3), 285-305.

Palmer, B., Walls, M., Burgess, Z., & Stough, C. (2001). Emotional intelligence and effective leadership. [Electronic version]. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 22(1), 5-10.

Parry, K. W., & Proctor-Thomson, S. B. (2002). Perceived Integrity of Transformational

Leaders in Organisational Settings. [Electronic version]. Journal of Business Ethics, 35(2), 75-96.

Piccolo, R., & Colquitt, J. (2006). Transformational leadership and job behaviors: The mediating role of core job characteristics. [Electronic version]. Academy of Management Journal, 49(2), 327-340.

Rosete, D., & Cirarrochi, J. (2005). Emotional intelligence and its relationship to workplace performance outcomes of leadership effectiveness. [Electronic version]. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 26(5/6), 388.

Saif, N., Khattak, B,K., & Ullah, I,K. (2016). Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Organization Citizenship Behavior (OCB) In SME’s Sector of Pakistan. Gomal University Journal of Research. Vol 32 Issue 2 DEC 2016 ISSN: 1019-8180

Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (2007). Emotional intelligence. In P. Salovey, M. A. Brackett, & J. D. Mayer (Eds.), Emotional intelligence: Key readings on the Mayer and Salovey model (pp. 1-28). Port Chester, New York: Dude Publishing. (Reprinted from Emotional intelligence, imagination, cognition and personality, pp. 185-211, by P. Salovey & J. D. Mayer, 1990, Amityville, New York: Baywood Publishing Company).

Voola, R., Carlson, J., & West, A. (2004). Emotional intelligence and competitive advantage: Examining the relationship from a resource-based view. [Electronic version]. Strategic Change, 13, 83-93.

Wong, C., & Law, K. S. (2002). The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude: An exploratory study. [Electronic version]. The Leadership Quarterly, 13, 243-274.

Zhou, J., & George, J. M. (2003). Awakening employee creativity: The role of leader emotional intelligence. [Electronic version]. The Leadership Quarterly, 14, 545- 568.

Downloads

Published

30.06.2018