Sarhad University International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

Modeling of FRP Strengthened Masonry Wall under In-plane Lateral Loading

Tahir Ahmad — 2022-02-23

Masonry is an old and commonly used building material in the world. However, due to its brittle nature, it is vulnerable to earthquake loads. Strengthening of masonry walls with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets is one of the techniques used to strengthen masonry walls. Numerical analysis is crucial to study the behavior of structures under various boundary conditions. This paper aims to numerically study and analyze the effect of fiber reinforced polymer sheets. In particular, various geometrical configurations of the FRP sheets on masonry walls are analyzed using the finite element modeling (FEM) approach. ABAQUS software is used for the finite element modeling. A macro-modeling approach is adopted for modeling masonry, in which masonry is considered as homogenous and isotropic continuum. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets with different patterns are applied on masonry walls. Different configurations include: single diagonal, vertical, horizontal and FRP lamina on the whole wall. Cohesive interaction is used for the bond between masonry and FRP sheets. The analysis is performed under in-plane loading condition. The numerical results indicate that tensile stresses from the masonry is taken by the FRP sheets which significantly increased the strength of the wall. Numerical results also revealed that among different patterns of FRP sheets on masonry wall, single diagonal FRP pattern was efficient and more economical.

COMPARATIVE STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSIONS SYSTEM

Abdul Rehman Ahmad — 2022-02-23

The purpose of this paper is to compare the Double Wishbone Leaf spring suspension system and the Macpherson Suspension system. On these suspension systems, ANSYS is used to achieve the goal of static structural analysis. Static loads are applied to the suspension system. The analyses, including structural analysis with static loading, to analyze the deflection, stress, and strain of the suspension systems, thorough which a complete comparative study can be accomplished.

A MATLAB Simulink block diagram was developed for the analysis. The algorithm developed here can be used to analyze an automobile's quarter car model using 2DOF, saving money on the circuit and rig testing.

Vibrations induced by road disturbances are not conveyed to the driver by automotive suspension systems. To simulate this a quarter vehicle model with two degrees of freedom (DOF) is produced. The impact of a speed bump as a step function is examined for the overshoot and settling time of sprung mass. A sine function is also used to replicate the characteristics of a bumpy road surface

Analysis of suzuki mehran leaf spring for static and dynamic finite element analysis (fea) of leaf spring

Muhammad Amin — 2022-02-23

The current study is focused on analysis of Suzuki Mehran leaf spring for static and dynamic loading conditions. The CAD model of spring was prepared in solid works with the description as reported in [1]. Meshing and FEM modelling was done in Ansys Mechanical environment. The current work is presented in two section, the static analysis and dynamic case. The loading considered for static analysis is associated to a scenario when the vehicle is turning in a circular path with turning radius of 10m at a speed of 50m/s. While for dynamic loading, a transient boundary condition is applied for a bump profile as given in [2]. Before the calculations, a mesh sensitivity analysis is performed to optimize the grid size which is followed by actual calculations. In static case, stress analysis is performed for principal stresses and von misses stresses. Factor of safety based on ultimate strength is found to be 1.5 under static loading. In transient analysis, the stress histories are recorded and presented here for reference.

Performance Measurement of Mini Steam Power Plant at Variable Flow Rate of Steam and Load

Muhammad Amin — 2022-02-23

Attaining optimal energy conversion in thermodynamics system, such as, in the steam turbine power plants (STPP), is a complex task due to the involvement of several factors. A study about the Performance Measurement and various parameters of a Mini Steam Turbine Power Plant along with their theoretical models has been carried out. This power plant is working on the Rankine cycle and using steam as working-fluid, produced in the boiler, the enthalpy of this steam (mostly superheated) is harnessed in the steam turbine, where it expands and produces output power, then from the turbine exit the steam is cooled back to condensate in a condenser, from where the resulting condensate is brought back to the feed water tank so that it could be supplied to boiler to keep the cycle repeating. This plant is facilitated by a monitoring section which consists of a control console along with pressure, temperature and rpm indicators. The expansion ratio, actual and isentropic power and corresponding efficiencies are the important parameters in the quantitative analysis in order to determine the performance of the steam turbine power plant. These parameters are evaluated at the turbine speed 1500 rpm approximately while the generator load was kept varying. An overall view of the Mini Steam Turbine Power Plant Rig is also stated. Improvements in the performance of power plants were also highlighted. For further improvements, this review highlighted some of the areas for further research and made recommendations for improvement in some aspects of the existing STPP.

APPLICATION OF DEEP CONVOLUTIONAL NETWORK FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF AUTO IMMUNE DISEASE

Asad Ullah — 2022-02-23

Abstractâ€”Indirect Immuno Fluorescence (IIF) detection analysis technique is in limelight because of its great importance in the field of medical health. It is mainly used for the analysis of auto-immune diseases. These diseases are caused when bodyâ€™s natural defense system canâ€™t distinguish between normal body cells and foreign cells. More than 80 auto-immune diseases exist in humans which affect different parts of body. IIF works both manually as well as by using Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD). The aim of research is to propose an advanced methodology for the analysis of auto-immune diseases by using well-known model of transfer learning for the analysis of autoimmune diseases. Data augmentation and data normalization is also used to resolve the problem of over fitting in data. Firstly, freely available MIVIA data set of HEP- type 2 cells has been selected, which contains total of 1457 images and six different classes of staining patterns named as centromere, homogeneous, nucleolar, coarse speckled, fine speckled and cytoplasmatic. Then well-known model of transfer learning VGG-16 are train on MIVIA data set of HEP-type 2 cells. Data augmentation and data normalization used on pre-trained data to avoid over fitting because datasets of medical images are not very large. After the application of data augmentation and data normalization on pre-trained model, the performance of model is used to calculate by using a confusion matrix of VGG-16. VGG-16 achieves 84.375% accuracy. It is more suitable for the analysis of auto-immune diseases. Same as accuracy, we also use the other three parameters, Precision, F1 measures, and recall to check the performance of model. All four parameters use confusion matrix to find performance of model. The tools and languages also have great importance because it gives a simple and easy way of implementation to solve problems in image processing. For this purpose, python and colab is used to read and write the data because python provides fast execution of data and colab work as a simulator of python. The result shows that transfer learning is the most sufficient and enhanced technique for the analysis of auto-immune diseases since it provides high accuracy in less time and reduces the errors in image classification.