THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS PARAMETERS TO EXERCISE IN PREDIABETIC POPULATION: AN EXPERIMENTAL PRE- POST DESIGN
Keywords:
Exercise, Prediabetes, glycemic status, cardiorespiratory fitness.Abstract
Background: The cardiorespiratory fitness in prediabetic population at pre- and post-interventional stage after 8 weeks of moderate intensity exercise was determined. This study is part of PhD project and carried out in Physiology department, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan. Methods: It was an experimental study design. Adult prediabetics (n=50), 22 females and 28 males of 18 to 35y age group were included in the study. Diagnosis of prediabetes was made with HbA1c falling in the range of 5.7– 6.4%, and fasting blood glucose (100-125mg/dL). Cardiorespiratory fitness parameters (Ventilation, oxygen consumed during exercise VO2, carbon dioxide exhaled VCO2, metabolic equivalents (ME), heart rate (HR), heart rate reserve (HRR), rate of carbohydrate oxidation (RCHO), fat oxidation (RFO) and energy expenditure (EE)) were determined at pre- and post-exercise intervention using breath-by-breath analyzer. The participants performed moderate exercise protocol of 30 min with HRmax% of 70 ± 5% for 5 days a week for 8 weeks during their leisure time, monitored with pedometers. Results: The results showed a significant improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness parameters at post exercise analysis. Similar changes were observed for fasting blood glucose (P value < 0.001) and HbA1c (P value < 0.001).Conclusion: Moderate physical activity for 8 weeks showed significant Improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness parameters and glycemic status of patients with prediabetes.
References
Akalan, C., Robergs, R., & Kravitz, L. (2008). Prediction of VO2max from an individualized submaximal cycle ergometer protocol. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 11(2), 1–17.
Akhtar, S., Khan, Z., Rafiq, M., & Khan, A. (2016). Prevalence of type II diabetes in district Dir Lower in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 32(3), 622–625. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.323.9795
Anderson, E., & Durstine, J. L. (2019). Physical activity, exercise, and chronic diseases: A brief review. Sports Medicine and Health Science, 1(1), 3–10. Bruce, R., Kusumi, F., & Hosmer, D. (1973). Maximal oxygen intake and nomographic assessment of functional aerobic impairment in
cardiovascular disease. American Heart Journal, 85(4), 546–562.
Cerqueira, É., Marinho, D. A., Neiva, H. P., & Lourenço, O. (2020). Inflammatory effects of high and moderate intensity exercise—A systematic review. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 1550.
Gibbons, W. J., Fruchter, N., Sloan, S., & Levy, R. D. (2001). Reference values for a multiple repetition 6-minute walk test in healthy adults older than 20 years. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention, 21(2), 87–93.
Goodrich, K. M., Crowley, S. K., Lee, D., Sui, X. S., Hooker, S. P., & Blair, S.
N. (2012). Associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and parental history of diabetes with risk of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 95(3), 425–431.
Hales, C. M., Fryar, C. D., Carroll, M. D., Freedman, D. S., & Ogden, C. L. (2018). Trends in obesity and severe obesity prevalence in US youth and adults by sex and age, 2007-2008 to 2015-2016. Jama, 319(16), 1723–
Herman, W. H. (2017). The global burden of diabetes: an overview. Diabetes Mellitus in Developing Countries and Underserved Communities, 1–5.
Kasiakogias, A., & Sharma, S. (2020). Exercise: The ultimate treatment to all ailments? Clinical Cardiology, 43(8), 817–826.
Knowler, W. C., Barrett-Connor, E., Fowler, S. E., Hamman, R. F., Lachin, J. M., Walker, E. A., & Nathan, D. M. (2002). Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. The New England Journal of Medicine, 346(6), 393–403.
Lavie, C. J., Arena, R., Swift, D. L., Johannsen, N. M., Sui, X., Lee, D.,
Earnest, C. P., Church, T. S., O’Keefe, J. H., & Milani, R. V. (2015). Exercise and the cardiovascular system: clinical science and cardiovascular outcomes. Circulation Research, 117(2), 207–219.
Liu, Y., Shu, X.-O., Wen, W., Saito, E., Rahman, M. S., Tsugane, S.,
Tamakoshi, A., Xiang, Y.-B., Yuan, J.-M., & Gao, Y.-T. (2018). Association of leisure-time physical activity with total and cause-specific mortality: a pooled analysis of nearly a half million adults in the Asia Cohort Consortium. International Journal of Epidemiology, 47(3), 771– 779.
Mondal, H., & Mishra, S. P. (2017). Effect of BMI, body fat percentage and fat free mass on maximal oxygen consumption in healthy young adults. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR, 11(6), CC17.
Naves, J. P. A., Viana, R. B., Rebelo, A. C. S., de Lira, C. A. B., Pimentel, G. D., Lobo, P. C. B., de Oliveira, J. C., Ramirez-Campillo, R., & Gentil, P. (2018). Effects of high-intensity interval training vs. sprint interval training on anthropometric measures and cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy young women. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 1738.
Plaza-Florido, A., Migueles, J. H., Mora-Gonzalez, J., Molina-Garcia, P., Rodriguez-Ayllon, M., Cadenas-Sanchez, C., Esteban-Cornejo, I., Solis- Urra, P., De Teresa, C., & Gutiérrez, Ã. (2019). Heart rate is a better predictor of cardiorespiratory fitness than heart rate variability in overweight/obese children: The ActiveBrains project. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 510.
Powers, S. K., Duarte, J., Kavazis, A. N., & Talbert, E. E. (2010). Reactive oxygen species are signalling molecules for skeletal muscle adaptation. Experimental Physiology, 95(1), 1–9.
Shimodaira, M., Niwa, T., Nakajima, K., Kobayashi, M., Hanyu, N., &
Nakayama, T. (2013). Correlation between mean platelet volume and fasting plasma glucose levels in prediabetic and normoglycemic individuals. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 12(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2840-12-14
Thirupathi, A., & Pinho, R. A. (2018). Effects of reactive oxygen species and interplay of antioxidants during physical exercise in skeletal muscles. Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, 74(3), 359–367.
Uhm, K. E., Yoo, J. S., Chung, S. H., Lee, J. D., Lee, I., Kim, J. Il, Lee, S. K.,
Nam, S. J., Park, Y. H., & Lee, J. Y. (2017). Effects of exercise intervention in breast cancer patients: is mobile health (mHealth) with pedometer more effective than conventional program using brochure? Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 161(3), 443–452.
Wang, H., Shara, N. M., Calhoun, D., Umans, J. G., Lee, E. T., & Howard, B.
V. (2010). Incidence rates and predictors of diabetes in those with prediabetes: The Strong Heart Study. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 26(5), 378–385. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.1089
Yavari, A., Javadi, M., Mirmiran, P., & Bahadoran, Z. (2015). Exercise- induced oxidative stress and dietary antioxidants. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 6(1).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Submission of an original manuscript to the Journal will be taken to mean that it represents original work not previously published, that it is not being considered elsewhere for publication. And if accepted for publication, it will be published in print and online and it will not be published elsewhere.
The journal main policy reflects in its stance that the publication of scholarly research is exclusively meant to disseminate knowledge and not-for-purposes.
