The Relationship between Individual Characteristics and practices of Self-leadership in Academia
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-leadership behaviors and individual characteristics in academia. An online survey was conducted and 217 participants' responses were measured with the help of a questionnaire. Multiple regression was used to analyze individual characteristics of self- leaders. The findings indicate that individual characteristics do predict self-leadership. Personality traits variables conscientiousness and openness have a significant positive relationship with self-leadership practices. Surprisingly, this study found emotional stability has no significant relationship with self-leadership behavior. This study also employed a rigorous validation technique therefore, this study was able to address some of the methodological limitations of previous studies such as common method variance by examining the proposed relationships in a longitudinal setting.
References
Alves, L. C., & Wood, C. M. (2006). The chronic effects of dietary lead in freshwater juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed elevated calcium diets. Aquatic toxicology, 78(3), 217-232.
Azucar, D., Marengo, D., & Settanni, M. (2018). Predicting the Big 5 personality traits from digital footprints on social media: A meta-analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 124, 150-159.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1986, 23-28.
Bandura, A. (1989). Human agency in social cognitive theory. American psychologist, 44(9), 1175.
Barlett, C. P., & Anderson, C. A. (2012). Direct and indirect relations between the Big 5 personality traits and aggressive and violent behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(8), 870-875.
Bendell, B. L., Sullivan, D. M., & Marvel, M. R. (2019). A genderâ€aware study of selfâ€leadership strategies among highâ€growth entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business Management, 57(1), 110-130.
Borghans, L., Duckworth, A. L., Heckman, J. J., & Ter Weel, B. (2008). The economics and psychology of personality traits. Journal of human Resources, 43(4), 972-1059.
Brünger, A. T. (1992). Free R value: a novel statistical quantity for assessing the accuracy of crystal structures. nature, 355(6359), 472-475.
Bush, S., Michalek, D., & Francis, L. (2020). Perceived Leadership Styles, Outcomes of Leadership, and Self-Efficacy Among Nurse Leaders:: A Hospital-Based Survey to Inform Leadership Development at a US Regional Medical Center. Nurse leader.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality. Journal of research in personality, 19(2), 109-134.
Dinh, J. E., Lord, R. G., Gardner, W. L., Meuser, J. D., Liden, R. C., & Hu, J. (2014). Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), 36-62.
Furtner, M. R., Rauthmann, J. F., & Sachse, P. (2015). Unique self-leadership: A bifactor model approach. Leadership, 11(1), 105-125.
Gagné, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Selfâ€determination theory and work motivation. Journal of organizational behavior, 26(4), 331-362.
Gerhardt, M. W., Rode, J. C., & Peterson, S. J. (2007). Exploring mechanisms in the personality–performance relationship: Mediating roles of self-management and situational constraints. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(6), 1344-1355.
Goldberg, L. R., Johnson, J. A., Eber, H. W., Hogan, R., Ashton, M. C., Cloninger, C. R., & Gough, H. G. (2006). The international personality item pool and the future of public-domain personality measures. Journal of research in personality, 40(1), 84-96.
Gomes, C., Curral, L., Caetano, A., & Quinteiro, P. M. (2015). É melhor em conjunto: Uma análise de clusters à auto-liderança ea sua relação com a inovação individual em enfermeiros hospitalares. Psicologia, 29(1), 45-58.
Hay, I., & Ashman, A. F. (2003). The development of adolescents' emotional stability and general self-concept: The interplay of parents, peers, and gender. International journal of disability, development and education, 50(1), 77-91.
Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (2001). Emotional stability as a major dimension of happiness. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(8), 1357-1364.
Houghton, J. D., Bonham, T., Neck, C. P., & Singh, K. (2004). The relationship between selfâ€leadership and personality. Journal of Managerial Psychology.
Houghton, J. D., & Neck, C. P. (2002). The revised selfâ€leadership questionnaire: Testing a hierarchical factor structure for selfâ€leadership. Journal of Managerial Psychology.
Ilgen, D. R., & Pulakos, E. D. (1999). The Changing Nature of Performance: Implications for Staffing, Motivation, and Development. Frontiers of Industrial and Organizational Psychology: ERIC.
Ingvarson, L. (2009). Developing and rewarding excellent teachers: the Scottish Chartered Teacher Scheme. Professional Development in Education, 35(3), 451-468.
Jensen-Campbell, L. A., Rosselli, M., Workman, K. A., Santisi, M., Rios, J. D., & Bojan, D. (2002). Agreeableness, conscientiousness, and effortful control processes. Journal of research in personality, 36(5), 476-489.
Kör, B. (2016). The mediating effects of self-leadership on perceived entrepreneurial orientation and innovative work behavior in the banking sector. SpringerPlus, 5(1), 1-15.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (1990). A theory of goal setting & task performance: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2004). What should we do about motivation theory? Six recommendations for the twenty-first century. Academy of Management review, 29(3), 388-403.
Mahoney, M. J. (1978). Cognitive and self-control therapies. Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change.
Mahoney, W. C., & Hermodson, M. A. (1979). High-yield cleavage of tryptophanyl peptide bonds by o-iodosobenzoic acid. Biochemistry, 18(17), 3810-3814.
Manz, C. C. (1986). Self-leadership: Toward an expanded theory of self-influence processes in organizations. Academy of Management review, 11(3), 585-600.
Manz, C. C. (1992). Self-leading work teams: Moving beyond self-management myths. Human Relations, 45(11), 1119-1140.
Manz, C. C., & Sims, H. P. (2001). The new superleadership: Leading others to lead themselves: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Manz, C. C., & Sims Jr, H. P. (1980). Self-management as a substitute for leadership: A social learning theory perspective. Academy of Management review, 5(3), 361-367.
Marques-Quinteiro, P., & Curral, L. A. (2012). Goal orientation and work role performance: Predicting adaptive and proactive work role performance through self-leadership strategies. The Journal of psychology, 146(6), 559-577.
Marques-Quinteiro, P., Vargas, R., Eifler, N., & Curral, L. (2019). Employee adaptive performance and job satisfaction during organizational crisis: the role of self-leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 28(1), 85-100.
Marques, J. (2014). The Value of Broadening Our Mindset Leadership and Mindful Behavior (pp. 125-144): Springer.
Matthews, G., Deary, I. J., & Whiteman, M. C. (2003). Personality traits: Cambridge University Press.
Menzel, J. E., Schaefer, L. M., Burke, N. L., Mayhew, L. L., Brannick, M. T., & Thompson, J. K. (2010). Appearance-related teasing, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating: A meta-analysis. Body image, 7(4), 261-270.
Mount, M. K., Barrick, M. R., Scullen, S. M., & Rounds, J. (2005). Higherâ€order dimensions of the big five personality traits and the big six vocational interest types. Personnel Psychology, 58(2), 447-478.
Nakagawa, S. (2004). A farewell to Bonferroni: the problems of low statistical power and publication bias. Behavioral ecology, 15(6), 1044-1045.
Neck, C. P., & Houghton, J. D. (2006). Two decades of selfâ€leadership theory and research. Journal of Managerial Psychology.
Neck, C. P., & Manz, C. C. (1996). Thought selfâ€leadership: The impact of mental strategies training on employee cognition, behavior, and affect. Journal of organizational behavior, 17(5), 445-467.
Neck, C. P., & Manz, C. C. (2010). Mastering self-leadership: Empowering yourself for personal excellence: Pearson.
Neck, C. P., & Milliman, J. F. (1994). Thought selfâ€leadership. Journal of Managerial Psychology.
Neck, C. P., Mitchell, T. L., Manz, C. C., & Thompson, E. C. (2004). Fit to lead: the proven 8-week solution for shaping up your body, your mind, and your career: Macmillan.
Neck, C. P., Neck, H. M., Manz, C. C., & Godwin, J. (1999). I think I can; I think I can. Journal of Managerial Psychology.
Politis, J. D. (2006). Selfâ€leadership behaviouralâ€focused strategies and team performance. Leadership & Organization Development Journal.
Prussia, G. E., Anderson, J. S., & Manz, C. C. (1998). Selfâ€leadership and performance outcomes: the mediating influence of selfâ€efficacy. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 19(5), 523-538.
Riani, M., Atkinson, A. C., & Cerioli, A. (2009). Finding an unknown number of multivariate outliers. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology), 71(2), 447-466.
Roberts, B. W., Jackson, J. J., Fayard, J. V., Edmonds, G., & Meints, J. (2009). Conscientiousness.
Roberts, B. W., Lejuez, C., Krueger, R. F., Richards, J. M., & Hill, P. L. (2014). What is conscientiousness and how can it be assessed? Developmental psychology, 50(5), 1315.
Robertson, I. T., Baron, H., Gibbons, P., MacIver, R., & Nyfield, G. (2000). Conscientiousness and managerial performance. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73(2), 171-180.
Rucci, P., Rossi, A., Mauri, M., Maina, G., Pieraccini, F., Pallant, S., . . . Equip, P. I. G. (2007). Validity and reliability of the quality of life, enjoyment and satisfaction questionnaire, short form. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 16(1), 82-87.
Salgado, J. F. (2002). The Big Five personality dimensions and counterproductive behaviors. International journal of selection and assessment, 10(1â€2), 117-125.
Stashevsky, S., Burke, R., Carmeli, A., Meitar, R., & Weisberg, J. (2006). Selfâ€leadership skills and innovative behavior at work. International journal of manpower.
Stewart, G. L., Carson, K. P., & Cardy, R. L. (1996). The joint effects of conscientiousness and selfâ€leadership training on employee selfâ€directed behavior in a service setting. Personnel Psychology, 49(1), 143-164.
Stewart, G. L., Courtright, S. H., & Manz, C. C. (2019). Self-leadership: A paradoxical core of organizational behavior. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 6, 47-67.
Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 5): Pearson Boston, MA.
Taylor, R. (1990). Interpretation of the correlation coefficient: a basic review. Journal of diagnostic medical sonography, 6(1), 35-39.
Terracciano, A., Löckenhoff, C. E., Zonderman, A. B., Ferrucci, L., & Costa Jr, P. T. (2008). Personality predictors of longevity: activity, emotional stability, and conscientiousness. Psychosomatic medicine, 70(6), 621.
Watanabe, S., Tareq, M., & Kanazawa, Y. (2011). When openness to experience and conscientiousness affect continuous learning: A mediating role of intrinsic motivation and a moderating role of occupation 1. Japanese Psychological Research, 53(1), 1-14.
Williams, D. R., & Collins, C. (1995). US socioeconomic and racial differences in health: patterns and explanations. Annual review of sociology, 349-386.
Williams, S. (1997). Personality and self-leadership. Human resource management review, 7(2), 139-155.
Zehnder, C., Herz, H., & Bonardi, J.-P. (2017). A productive clash of cultures: Injecting economics into leadership research. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(1), 65-85.
Published
Issue
Section
Submission of an original manuscript to the Journal will be taken to mean that it represents original work not previously published, that it is not being considered elsewhere for publication. And if accepted for publication, it will be published in print and online and it will not be published elsewhere.
The journal main policy reflects in its stance that the publication of scholarly research is exclusively meant to disseminate knowledge and not-for-purposes.
Copyright Statment
Sarhad Journal of Management Sciences is published by Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar. This copyright statement entails that all contents (including text, tables, graphs, images, or any materials that is part and parcel of a research article submitted to the journal) belong to/ property of the person who owned it prior to submission this journal. Publication of the submitted article will not affect the ownership of copyright of the subject materials. SJMS and its users benefit from a general licence over all content submitted under a Creative Commons CC-BY licence over all content. However, content which is not part of the submitted article, is the property of SJMS. In a nutshell, the combination of all content on the SJMS website, the look and feel of the website, is the property of Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar.
As an author or contributor, you grant permission to others to reproduce your articles, including any graphics and third-party materials supplied by you, in accordance with the SJMS Terms and Conditions. The licence granted to third parties over all contents of each article, including third-party elements, is a Creative Commons Attribution ("CC BY") licence. The current version is CC-BY, version 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), and the licence will automatically be updated as and when updated by the Creative Commons organisation.
You may include a requirement to reproduce copyright notices but you may not restrict the right to reproduce the entire article, including third-party graphics. This means that you must obtain any necessary third-party consents and permissions to reproduce third-party materials in your articles submitted to SJMS.
Copyright Statement updated September 13, 2022.