A Review of Organizational Silence antecedents and its impact on Job Attitudes

Authors

  • Muhammad Jahangir Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Islamabad
  • Mehreen Abdullah Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Islamabad

Keywords:

Keywords, Organizational Silence, Fear, Job Attitudes, Trust, Communication

Abstract

In order to achieve the objective effectively and efficiently, employees are viewed as wellsprings of progress, innovation, learning and advancement. However a large number of them choose silence and not to pass on their profitable feelings and worries about the issues in their associations. The aim of the study is to use literature to find out the motives for silence among employees and factors that cause silence in an organization. The most widely recognized components bringing about silence are organizational culture, fear and negative criticism by administration, absence of trust and lack of support from management. The literature suggests that silence is a behavioral practice which is also associated with several job attitudes like satisfaction, turnover intention and organizational citizenship behavior. When there is a climate of trust in organization and proper channels of communication are available, employees will be more willing to speak up about organizational issues.

Keywords: Organizational silence, fear, job attitudes, trust, communication

References

Akram Akbarian, M. E. A., Ali Shaemi, Narges Keshtiaray (2015). Review organizational silence factors. Journal of Scientific Research and Development, 2(1), 178-181.

Aktaş, H., & şimşek, E. (2015). Bireylerin Örgütsel Sessizlik Tutumlarında İş Doyumu ve Duygusal Tükenmişlik Algılarının Rolü. International Journal of Management Economics and Business, 11(24), 219-219. doi:10.17130/ijmeb.2015.11.24.529

Ali Acaraya, A. A. (2015). The Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behaviour and Organizational Silence. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 207, 472 – 482. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.10.117

Alisher Tohirovich Dedahanov, J. R. (2015). Examining the relationships among trust, silence and organizational commitment. Management Decision, 53(8), 1843-1857. doi: 10.1108/MD-02-2015-0041

Andrew R Timming, S. J. (2015). Employee silence and the authoritarian personality: A political psychology of workplace democracy. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 23(1), 154 - 171. doi: 10.1108/IJOA-06-2013-0685

Argyris, C. (1997). Double Loop Learning in Organizations. Harvard Business Review, 55(5), 11-128.

Ashford, S. J., Rothbard, N. P., Piderit, S. K., & Dutton, J. E. (1998). Out on a Limb: The Role of Context and Impression Management in Selling Gender-Equity Issues. Administrative Science Quarterly, 43(1), 23-57. doi:10.2307/2393590

Bowen, F., & Blackmon, K. (2003). Spirals of Silence: The Dynamic Effects of Diversity on Organizational Voice*. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1393-1417. doi:10.1111/1467-6486.00385

Brinsfield, C. (2009). Employee Silence: Investigation of Dimentionality, Development of Measures and Examination of Related Factors (Unpublished master's thesis). The Ohio State University.

Brinsfield, C. T. (2012). Employee silence motives: Investigation of dimensionality and development of measures. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(5), 671-697. doi:10.1002/job.1829

Çakici, & Ayşehan. (2007). “Örgütlerde Sessizlik: Sessizliğin Teorik Temelleri ve Dinamikleri. .†Ç.Ü. SB Dergisi, 16(1), 145-162.

Çınar, O., Karcıoğlu, F., & Alioğulları, Z. D. (2013). The Relationship between Organizational Silence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Survey Study in the Province of Erzurum, Turkey. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99, 314-321. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.499

Clapham, Stephen E.ve Robert W. Cooper (2005). “Factors of Employees’ Effective Voice in Corporate Governance.†Journal of Management and Governance, 9(3-4), 287-313.

Cropanzano, R., Howes, J. C., Grandey, A. A., & Toth, P. (1997). The relationship of organizational politics and support to work behaviors, attitudes, and stress. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18(2), 159-180. doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1379(199703)18:2<159::aid-job795>3.0.co;2-d

Currall, S. C., & Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome. Administrative Science Quarterly, 33(2), 331. doi:10.2307/2393071

Detert, J. R., & Edmondson, A. C. (2011). Implicit Voice Theories: Taken-for-Granted Rules of Self-Censorship at Work. Academy of Management Journal, 54(3), 461-488. doi:10.5465/amj.2011.61967925

Dyne, L. V., Ang, S., & Botero, I. C. (2003). Conceptualizing Employee Silence and Employee Voice as Multidimensional Constructs. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1359-1392. doi:10.1111/1467-6486.00384

E. Amah, O., & A. Okafor, C. (2008). The Interactive Effect of Organizational Politics in the Justice, Organizational Support and Job Satisfaction Relationships. Asian Journal of Scientific Research, 1(5), 492-501. doi:10.3923/ajsr.2008.492.501

Edmondson, A. C. (1996). Learning from Mistakes is Easier Said Than Done: Group and Organizational Influences on the Detection and Correction of Human Error. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 32(1), 5-28. doi:10.1177/0021886396321001

Ferris, G. R., & Judge, T. A. (1991). Personnel/Human Resources Management: A Political Influence Perspective. Journal of Management, 17(2), 447-488. doi:10.1177/014920639101700208

Greenberg, J., & Edwards, M. (2009). Employee Voice and Silence in Organizations. , Emerald Group Publishing, Bingley.

Hagedoorn, M., Van Yperen, N. W., Van De Vliert, E., & Buunk, B. P. (1999). Employees' reactions to problematic events: a circumplex structure of five categories of responses, and the role of job satisfaction. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20(3), 309-321. doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1379(199905)20:3<309::aid-job895>3.0.co;2-p

Harlos, K. (2010). If you build a remedial voice mechanism, will they come? Determinants of voicing interpersonal mistreatment at work. Human Relations, 63(3), 311-329. doi:10.1177/0018726709348937

Hawass, H. H. (2015). Examining the antecedents of prosocial silence: a relational perspective. EuroMed Journal of Business, 11(2), 248-271. doi: 10.1108/EMJB-07-2015-0031

Hulin, C. L., & Judge, T. A. (2003). Job Attitudes. Handbook of Psychology. doi:10.1002/0471264385.wei1211

Ioannis Nikolaou, M. V., Dimitris Bourantas. (2011). The role of silence on employees' attitudes “the day after†a merger. Personnel Review, 40 (6), 723-741. doi: 10.1108/00483481111169652

Jain, A. K. (2014). An interpersonal perspective to study silence in Indian organizations, Investigation of dimensionality and development of measures. Personnel Review, 44(6), 1010-1036. doi: 10.1108/PR-12-2013-0220

Klaas, B. S., Olson-Buchanan, J. B., & Ward, A. (2012). The Determinants of Alternative Forms of Workplace Voice: An Integrative Perspective. Journal of Management, 38(1), 314-345. doi:10.1177/0149206311423823

Linn Van Dyne, S. A., Isabel C. Botero. (2003). Conceptualizing Employee Silence and Employee Voice As Multi-dimensional Constructs. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1359-1392. doi: 10.1111/1467-6486.00384

Liu, D., Wu, J., & Jiu-cheng Ma. (2009). Organizational silence: A survey on employees working in a telecommunication company. 2009 International Conference on Computers & Industrial Engineering. doi:10.1109/iccie.2009.5223551

Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In M. D. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 1297–1349). New York, NY: Hold, Reinhart & Winston.

Maria Vakola, D. B. (2005). Antecedents and consequences of organisational silence: an empirical investigation. Employee Relations, 27(5), 441 - 458. doi: 10.1108/01425450510611997

Meral Elçi, M. K. E., Lütfihak Alpkanc, İrgeŞenerd, . (2014). The Mediating Role of Mobbing on the Relationship between Organizational Silence and Turnover Intention. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 455 – 464. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.053

Milliken, F. J., Morrison, E. W., & Hewlin, P. F. (2003). An Exploratory Study of Employee Silence: Issues that Employees Don’t Communicate Upward and Why. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1453-1476. doi:10.1111/1467-6486.00387

Morrison, E. W., & Milliken, F. J. (2000). Organizational Silence: A Barrier to Change and Development in a Pluralistic World. The Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 706. doi:10.2307/259200

Nikolaou, I., Vakola, M., & Bourantas, D. (2008). Who speaks up at work? Dispositional influences on employees' voice behavior. Personnel Review, 37(6), 666-679. doi:10.1108/00483480810906892

Pirie, W. J. (2016). Key determinants of organisational silence for non-standard workers. Management Decision, 54(6), 1522-1538. doi: 10.1108/MD-11-2015-0490

Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698-714. doi:10.1037//0021-9010.87.4.698

Robbin, S., & Judge, T. (2013). Organizational Behavior. Paper presented at Pears Education, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.

SayÄŸan, F. N. (2011). Relationship between affective commitment and organizational silence: a conceptual discussion. International journal of social sciences and humanity studies, 3(2), 219-227.

Schechtman, J. (2008). When Silence speaks louder than words: Computer-mediated communications and perceived ostracism (Doctoral dissertation, Washington State University).

Sean Donovan, M. O. S., Elaine Doyle, John Garvey. (2016). Employee voice and silence in auditing firms. Employee Relations 38(5), 563 - 577. doi: 10.1108/ER-05-2015-0078

Sehitoglu, Y. (2010). “Örgütsel Sessizlik, Örgütsel Vatandaslik Davranisi ve Algilanan Çalisan Performansi Iliskisi. Yayinlanmamis Doktora Tezi, GYTE, Kocaeli.

Shih Yung Chou, T. C. (2017). Employee Silence and Silence Antecedents: A Theoretical Classification. International Journal of Business Communication, 00(0), 1-26. doi: 10.1177/2329488417703301

Smidts, A., Pruyn, A. T., & Van Riel, C. B. (2001). The Impact of Employee Communication and Perceived External Prestige on Organizational Identification. Academy of Management Journal, 44(5), 1051-1062. doi:10.2307/3069448

Sparrowe, R. T., & Liden, R. C. (2005). Two Routes to Influence: Integrating Leader-Member Exchange and Social Network Perspectives. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50(4), 505-535. doi:10.2189/asqu.50.4.505

Spreitzer, G. M. (1996). Social Structural Characteristics of Psychological Empowerment. Academy of Management Journal, 39(2), 483-504. doi:10.2307/256789

Sugarman, B. (2001). A learning-based approach to organizational change. Organizational Dynamics, 30(1), 62-76. doi:10.1016/s0090-2616(01)00041-9

Tangirala, S., & Ramanujam, R. (2008). Exploring Nonlinearity In Employee Voice: The Effects of Personal Control and Organizational Identification. Academy of Management Journal, 51(6), 1189-1203. doi:10.5465/amj.2008.35732719

Turner, M. E., & Pratkanis, A. R. (1998). A Social Identity Maintenance Model of Groupthink. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 73(2-3), 210-235. doi:10.1006/obhd.1998.2757

Ulkemen, S., Karaca, H., & Tasdoven, H. (2012). Promoting bureaucratic professionalism in policing: Analyzing the Turkish Police Field Training Program (PFTO) in the light of the US.

Vakola, M., & Bouradas, D. (2005). Antecedents and consequences of organizational silence: an empirical investigation. Employee Relations, 27(5), 441-458. doi:10.1108/01425450510611997

Weber, P. S., & Weber, J. E. (2001). Changes in employee perceptions during organizational change. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 22(6), 291-300. doi:10.1108/01437730110403222

Downloads

Published

12.07.2017